Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. 然而, 有些患有这种疾病的女性没有囊肿, while some women without the disorder do develop cysts.

Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from an ovary. 这样它就可以被男性精子受精. If the egg is not fertilized, it is sent out of the body during your period.

In some cases, a woman doesn’t make enough of the hormones needed to ovulate. When ovulation doesn’t happen, the ovaries can develop many small cysts. 这些囊肿会产生雄激素. 患有多囊卵巢综合征的女性通常有高水平的雄激素. This can cause more problems with a woman’s menstrual cycle. 它会导致多囊卵巢综合征的许多症状.

多囊卵巢综合征的治疗通常是药物治疗. This can’t cure PCOS, but it helps reduce symptoms and prevent some health problems.

多囊卵巢综合征的病因?

多囊卵巢综合征的确切病因尚不清楚. 许多多囊卵巢综合征患者都有胰岛素抵抗. 这意味着身体不能很好地利用胰岛素. Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause higher androgen levels. Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS symptoms worse.

多囊卵巢综合征也可能在家族中发生. It's common for sisters or a mother and daughter to have PCOS.

多囊卵巢综合征的风险是什么?

You may be more likely to have PCOS if your mother or sister has it. You may also be more likely to have it if you have insulin resistance or are obese.

多囊卵巢综合征的症状是什么?

多囊卵巢综合征的症状包括:

• Missed periods, irregular periods, or very light periods

• 较大或有许多囊肿的卵巢

• Excess body hair, including the chest, stomach, and back (hirsutism)

• 体重增加，尤其是腹部周围

• 痤疮或油性皮肤

• 男性型秃顶或头发稀疏

• 不孕不育 

• Small pieces of excess skin on the neck or armpits (skin tags)

• Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and under the breasts

多囊卵巢综合征如何诊断?

Your health care provider will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. 你还要做一次身体检查. 这可能包括骨盆检查. This exam checks the health of your reproductive organs, both inside and outside your body.

Some of the symptoms of PCOS are like those caused by other health problems. 因此，您可能还会进行以下测试:

• 超声波. This test uses sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. This test is used to look at the size of the ovaries and see if they have cysts. The test can also look at the thickness of the lining of the uterus (endometrium).

• 血液测试. These look for high levels of androgens and other hormones. Your health care provider may also check your blood glucose levels. And you may have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked.

多囊卵巢综合征是如何治疗的?

多囊卵巢综合征的治疗取决于许多因素. These may include your age, how severe your symptoms are, and your overall health. The type of treatment may also depend on whether you want to become pregnant in the future.

If you do plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

• 饮食和活动的改变. A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, 降低血糖水平, 还可以帮助你排卵.

• 导致排卵的药物. Medications can help the ovaries to release eggs normally. 这些药物也有一定的风险. They can increase the chance for a multiple birth (twins or more). 它们会导致卵巢过度刺激. 这是由于卵巢释放了过多的激素. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal bloating and pelvic pain.

If you do not plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:

• 避孕药. These help to control menstrual cycles, lower androgen levels, and reduce 痤疮.

• 糖尿病药物. This is often used to lower insulin resistance in PCOS. It may also help reduce androgen levels, slow hair growth, and help you ovulate more regularly.

• 饮食和活动的改变. A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, 降低血糖水平, 还可以帮助你排卵.

• 治疗其他症状的药物. 一些药物可以帮助减少头发生长或痤疮.

多囊卵巢综合征的并发症有哪些?

Women with PCOS are more likely to develop certain serious health problems. 其中包括2型糖尿病, 高血压, 心脏和血管的问题, 子宫癌. Women with PCOS often have problems with their ability to get pregnant (fertility).

多囊卵巢综合征患者的生活

Some women struggle with the physical symptoms of PCOS, such as weight gain, hair growth, and 痤疮. Cosmetic 治疗, such as electrolysis and laser hair removal, 能让你对自己的外表感觉好一点吗. Talk with your health care provider about the best ways to treat the symptoms that bother you.

什么时候应该就医?

如果你错过或月经不规律, 毛发生长过多, 痤疮, 体重增加, 打电话给你的医生进行评估.

要点

• PCOS is a very common hormone problem for women of childbearing age.

• 患有多囊卵巢综合征的女性可能不会排卵, 雄激素水平高, 卵巢上有许多小囊肿.

• 多囊卵巢综合征会导致月经期错过或不规律, 毛发生长过多, 痤疮, 不孕不育, 体重增加. 

• Women with PCOS may be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, 高血压, 心脏问题, 子宫内膜癌.

• The types of treatment for PCOS may depend on whether or not a woman plans to become pregnant. Women who plan to become pregnant in the future may take different kinds of medications.

下一个步骤

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your health care provider:

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.

• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.

• 参观时, 写下新药的名字, 治疗, 或测试, 以及医生给你的任何新指示.

• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.